вЂќ 3) The action may take place in more than one location simultaneously. because in his desperation to justify his life Willy Loman has destroyed the boundaries between now and then. Miller says, вЂњThere are no flashbacks in this play but only a mobile concurrency of past and present вЂ¦вЂ¦. He didnвЂ™t see WillyвЂ™s internal sequences as flashbacks. Miller described Willy as literally at that terrible moment when the voice of the past is no longer distant but quite as loud as the voice of the presentвЂќ. Here we see WillyвЂ™s too much obsession of the past over present. When Charlie finally realizes that Willy is absent-minded, he makes an exit. He is actually talking to the remembered Ben and the real Charlie simultaneously. Here we see how the flashback appear gradually, usurping the present bit by bit. We see the second flashback while Willy is playing card game with Charley.

These flashbacks explain the current conflict between father and son.

Before this, his father was a hero to him, now he is a fraud. Biff saw his father with another woman and lost faith in him. Most of the flashbacks take place during the summer after BiffвЂ™s senior year at high school when all the problems began. This is done by narration, dream sequence and memories.ДЄll these scenes, in which we have flashbacks, start in the present and then the character only visible to Willy appear. Much of the familyвЂ™s history and past events are revealed through WillyвЂ™s flashbacks. In Death of a Salesman, this style is most obvious in the use of flashbacks or dream sequences. 2) The action may be presented as a dream or vision by one of the characters. In вЂњDeath of a SalesmanвЂќ ,the audience see present and past action at the same time when Willy talks to Linda and sees the woman(past) in the same room, when he talks to Charley and Ben(his dead brother) at the same time. In expressionistic plays like вЂњDeath of a SalesmanвЂќ, the following effects are likely to be used: 1) The action may flow without interruption from one time period to another. For producers, it implies the use of non-realistic scenery and effects. For writers, this may imply the use of poetic or stylized language and symbolic characterization. In theatre, expressionism has been defined as a mode of writing and production in which the aim is to depict inner meaning rather than outward appearance. In All My Sons and Death of a Salesman, Miller adopts IbsenвЂ™s вЂretrospective structureвЂ™ in which an explosive situation in the present is both explained and brought to a crisis by the gradual revelation of something which has happened in the past. The firm reality of IbsenвЂ™s method remained, but it was banded with the dream sequences or flashbacks of past life existing in the present. He used, like O Neill, a dramatic form that combined the subjectivity of expressionism with the illusion of objectivity afforded by realism. Miller was interested in expressionism but didnвЂ™t want to abandon the conventions of realism. Parallel with this, there is the private storyline (non-realistic) inside WillyвЂ™s mind, which like our own minds, does not always work logically and chronologically but mixes up memories and imaginings with what is actually taking place in the present. There is a public storyline (realistic) which begins late one night and ends twenty-four hours later. вЂќ The story is told on two different levels. Miller says: вЂњThe salesman image was from the beginning absorbed with the concept that nothing in life comes next but everything exists together and at the same time within us. In fact, WillyвЂ™s reminiscences allow us to understand what happened in the past, and why things are how they are now in the present day. Act 1-night time Act 2-various times the next day Act 3-several days later The play is largely a representation of what takes place in his mind during the last two days of his life. Each section takes place in the present day (spring 1949). The play is divided into three main parts, act 1, act 2 and the requiem.

Death of a Salesman concentrates on Willy Loman, an exhausted middle aged salesman, who has failed to realize his dream of economic success and is presented as being on the verge of a nervous breakdown.ДЇailure also engulfs his wife Linda and two sons-Biff and Happy. all generated a sense of mutation of old forms and conventions. In Death of a Salesman, his new dramatic techniques- unrealistic setting, music, lighting, etc. In his plays, we find challenge and convention, boldness and caution, daring technical experiment and poetic dialogues. From a technical point of view, Miller was welcomed by those involved in the practical craft of theatre. Discuss the dramatic techniques in Death of a Salesman.

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